Aby móc przywrócić nasz boot loader po pierwsze musimy zaopatrzyć się w jakąkolwiek wersję linuxa dostępną na LiveCD, najpopularniejszą i chyba najbardziej znaną jest Ubuntu. Najnowszą wersję tego systemu możemy pobrać tutaj. Jeżeli wolimy Ubuntu w ojczystym języku pobieramy go stąd.
Jeżeli już posiadamy wspomniany wcześniej system, uruchamiamy nasz komputer bootując go z płyty CD.
Po uruchomieniu systemu włączamy terminal i wpisujemy:
Polecenie to wylistuje wszystkie dostępne partycje w naszym komputerze. W wyświetlonej liście poszukujemy partycji, na której zainstalowaliśmy naszą dystrybucję systemu linux i zapamiętujemy, które do urządzenie. W moim przypadku będzie to /dev/sda1.
Kolejnym krokiem jest zamontowanie wybranej partycji w wybranym katalogu, co robimy poleceniem:
Jak widzimy montujemy naszą partycję linuksową w katalogu /mnt.
Jeżeli posiadamy katalog /boot na oddzielnej partycji musimy ją również zamontować (na przykład przyjmijmy, że katalog ten znajduje sie na /dev/sda2):
Następnie montujemy pozostałe elementy, które będą nam potrzebne przy zmianie głównego katalogu systemu:
$ sudo mount –bind /proc /mnt/proc
$ sudo mount –bind /sys /mnt/sys
Teraz możemy przystąpić do zmiany głównego katalogu w jakim będzie pracował system. Zmiany dokonujemy poleceniem chroot.
Dzięki komendzie chroot możemy pracować na plikach zainstalowanej dystrybucji linuxa na naszej zamontowanej partycji.
Obecnie posiadamy prawa root’a w systemie i nie musimy już wywoływać polecenia sudo.
Możemy teraz przystąpić do naprawy naszego bootloadera. Edytujemy plik /etc/default/grub aby zmienić konfigurację GRUB’a.
Kiedy skończymy edycję musimy wykonać polecenie:
w celu stworzenia nowego pliku konfiguracyjnego.
Jeżeli chcemy dokonać instalacji GRUB 2 w MBR, musimy uruchomić polecenie grub-install i wskazać partycję, na której dokonujemy instalacji:
Jeżeli podczas wykonywania powyższego polecenia wystąpią jakieś błędy możemy spróbować wykonać polecenie:
Jeżeli wszystko przebiegło pomyślnie wciskamy Ctrl+D aby powrócić do wcześniejszego katalogu głównego systemu.
Przed zakończeniem pracy musimy odmontować wszystkie wcześniej zamontowane urządzenia zaczynając od:
$ sudo umount /mnt/sys
$ sudo umount /mnt/proc
Teraz już możemy odmontować główny system plików, ale jeśli montowaliśmy oddzielną partycję bootującą (/boot) musimy ją pierwszą odmontować i dopiero potem główny system plików:
Gdy odmontujemy już wszystkie urządzenia możemy wyłączyć komputer i wyjąć płytę z Ubuntu. Po ponownym włączeniu komputera powinien ukazać się naszym oczom ekran wyboru systemu GRUB’a.
SuperGrubDisk
Alternatywnym rozwiązaniem jest wykorzystanie niedużej dystrybucji linuxa SuperGrubDisk umożliwia ona wykrywanie i bootowanie systemu, jak również przywrócenie i instalację GRUB’a. Na stronie projektu znajdziemy również wiele przydatnych informacji dotyczących problemów z bootowanie systemu i GRUB’em.
Tekst powstał na podstawie: Recover Grub 2 via LiveCD
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